MM 12 Systemic Management

Systemic leadership emerged as a translation of General Systems Theory, which emerged in the 1950s. This is an interdisciplinary approach that uses the complexity of diverse systems as a stimulus to identify, describe, and analyze characteristics of a system in order to make statements about the behavior of individual aspects or actors within it. Originating with the biologist Ludwig Bertalanffy (1901-1972), General Systems Theory has been adopted and passed down to this day by a wide range of disciplines, including management theory.

To explain systemic leadership, we draw on the work of Daniel F. Pinnow, who, in his 2005 research approach "Systemic Leadership - Respect for the System," established four levels of interaction. He prefaces these with the idea of ​​a leader as a human, fallible individual. Leadership is inevitably accompanied by thorough self-reflection and a positive culture of error. Pinnow's four levels of interaction are:

Leading yourself;

Lead others;

in the environment;

Running the business

In the context of:

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